Berikut bacaan Reading Comprehension tentang Hari Pahlawan.
BATTLE OF SURABAYA
On 10 November, Indonesia celebrates Hari Pahlawan or Heroes
Day in remembrance of the Battle of Surabaya which started on that very date in
the year 1945. The bloody battle took place because Indonesians refused to
surrender their weaponry to British army. British Army at that time was part of
the Allied Forces. The defiant Bung Tomo is the well-known revolutionary leader
who played a very important role in this battle.
It all started because of a misunderstanding between British
troops in Jakarta and those in Surabaya, under the command of Brigadier A.W.WS.
Mallaby. Brigadier Mallaby already had an agreement with Governor of East Java Mr.
Surya. The agreement stated that British would not ask Indonesian troops and
militia to surrender their weapons.
However, a British plane from Jakarta dropped leaflets all
over Surabaya. The leaflet told Indonesians to do otherwise on 27 October 1945.
This action angered the Indonesian troops and militia leaders because they felt
betrayed.
On 30 October 1945, Brigadier Mallaby was killed as he was
approaching the British troops’ post near Jembatan Merah or Red Bridge,
Surabaya. There were many reports about the death, but it was widely believed
that the Brigadier was murdered by Indonesian militia. Looking at this
situation, Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison brought in reinforcements
to siege the city.
In the early morning of 10 November 1945, British troops
began to advance into Surabaya with cover from both naval and air bombardment.
Although the Indonesians defended the city heroically, the city was conquered
within 3 days and the whole battle lasted for 3 weeks. In total, between 6,000
and 16,000 Indonesians died while casualties on the British side were about 600
to 2000.
Battle of Surabaya caused Indonesia to lose weaponry which
hampered the country’s independence struggle. However, the battle provoked
Indonesian and international mass to rally for the country’s independence which
made this battle especially important for Indonesian national revolution.
1. What is the passage about ?
2. When did the battle take place?
3. Where did it happen?
4. What caused the battle? Draw a diagram that shows
chronologically
the events that led to the battle.
5. What do you think about the Indonesian military power
compared to
that of the British army at that time?
6. What made the Indonesians dare to face the British army
military
aggression?
7. Did the Indonesian lose or win the battle? Why do you
think so?
8. How did the battle influence the national revolution at
that time?
9. Who was the prominent figure in the battle? What did he
do?
10. Indonesia had gone through many battles. Why do you
think
the date of the Battle of Surabaya is used as a momentum to
commemorate our hero’s contribution?
11.Describe in one world the Indonesians who defended their
city at at that time ?
12. Do you think that the information in the text is clear ?
13. Have you read other texts that tell about similar event?
What are they ?
Kunci Jawaban : Untuk kunci jawaban klik DI SINI.
TERJEMAHAN KE BAHASA INGGRIS
BATTLE OF SURABAYA
Pada 10 November, Indonesia merayakan Hari Pahlawan sebagai peringatan Perang Surabaya yang dimulai pada tanggal itu juga di tahun 1945. Pertempuran berdarah terjadi karena orang Indonesia menolak menyerahkan persenjataan mereka kepada tentara Inggris. Tentara Inggris pada waktu itu adalah bagian dari Pasukan Sekutu. Bung Tomo yang menantang adalah pemimpin revolusioner terkenal yang memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam pertempuran ini.
Semuanya berawal karena kesalahpahaman antara pasukan Inggris di Jakarta dan yang di Surabaya, di bawah komando Brigadir A.W.WS. Mallaby. Brigadir Mallaby sudah memiliki perjanjian dengan Gubernur Jawa Timur Bapak Surya. Perjanjian tersebut menyatakan bahwa Inggris tidak akan meminta pasukan dan milisi Indonesia untuk menyerahkan senjata mereka.
Namun, sebuah pesawat Inggris dari Jakarta menjatuhkan selebaran di seluruh Surabaya. Leaflet mengatakan kepada orang Indonesia untuk melakukan hal yang sebaliknya pada tanggal 27 Oktober 1945. Tindakan ini membuat marah pasukan Indonesia dan para pemimpin milisi karena mereka merasa dikhianati.
Pada 30 Oktober 1945, Brigadir Mallaby terbunuh ketika dia mendekati pos pasukan Inggris di dekat Jembatan Merah atau Jembatan Merah, Surabaya. Ada banyak laporan tentang kematian itu, tetapi secara luas diyakini bahwa Brigadir dibunuh oleh milisi Indonesia. Melihat situasi ini, Letnan Jenderal Sir Philip Christison membawa bala bantuan untuk mengepung kota.
Pada pagi hari tanggal 10 November 1945, pasukan Inggris mulai maju ke Surabaya dengan perlindungan dari pemboman laut dan udara. Meskipun Indonesia mempertahankan kota dengan heroik, kota itu ditaklukkan dalam waktu 3 hari dan seluruh pertempuran berlangsung selama 3 minggu. Secara total, antara 6.000 dan 16.000 orang Indonesia meninggal sementara korban di pihak Inggris sekitar 600 hingga 2000.
Pertempuran Surabaya menyebabkan Indonesia kehilangan persenjataan yang menghambat perjuangan kemerdekaan negara. Namun, pertempuran itu memprovokasi massa Indonesia dan internasional untuk menggalang kemerdekaan negara yang menjadikan pertempuran ini sangat penting bagi revolusi nasional Indonesia.
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